Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Brachial Plexus

The brachial plexus is a major network of nerves transmitting signals responsible for motor and sensory innervation of the upper extremities, including the shoulder, arm, and hand. It originates from the ventral rami of C5 through T1 spinal nerves. Proximally to distally, the brachial plexus is comprised of roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal branches. Brachial plexus injuries qualify as one of the most debilitating injuries afflicting the upper extremity. Therefore, intricate knowledge of the anatomy of the brachial plexus and its variations is critical to improving the diagnosis, management, and treatment of any injuries to the brachial plexus.