Constitutive interferon signaling maintains critical threshold of MLKL expression to license necroptosis

Cell Death Differ. 2019 Jan;26(2):332-347. doi: 10.1038/s41418-018-0122-7. Epub 2018 May 21.

Abstract

Interferons (IFNs) are critical determinants in immune-competence and autoimmunity, and are endogenously regulated by a low-level constitutive feedback loop. However, little is known about the functions and origins of constitutive IFN. Recently, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IFN was implicated as a driver of necroptosis, a necrotic form of cell death downstream of receptor-interacting protein (RIP) kinase activation and executed by mixed lineage kinase like-domain (MLKL) protein. We found that the pre-established IFN status of the cell, instead of LPS-induced IFN, is critical for the early initiation of necroptosis in macrophages. This pre-established IFN signature stems from cytosolic DNA sensing via cGAS/STING, and maintains the expression of MLKL and one or more unknown effectors above a critical threshold to allow for MLKL oligomerization and cell death. Finally, we found that elevated IFN-signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) augments necroptosis, providing a link between pathological IFN and tissue damage during autoimmunity.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cytosol / metabolism
  • DNA / metabolism
  • Gene Knockout Techniques
  • Humans
  • Interferon-beta / genetics
  • Interferon-beta / metabolism*
  • Interferon-beta / pharmacology
  • Lipopolysaccharides / pharmacology
  • Macrophages / metabolism*
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Necroptosis*
  • Nucleotidyltransferases / metabolism
  • Protein Kinases / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / genetics

Substances

  • Lipopolysaccharides
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Sting1 protein, mouse
  • Interferon-beta
  • DNA
  • MLKL protein, human
  • MLKL protein, mouse
  • Protein Kinases
  • Nucleotidyltransferases
  • cGAS protein, mouse