Myeloid lineage switch following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in a patient with TCF3-ZNF384 fusion-positive B-lymphoblastic leukemia

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018 Sep;65(9):e27265. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27265. Epub 2018 May 24.

Abstract

A pediatric patient diagnosed initially with B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) relapsed with lineage switch to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A TCF3-ZNF384 fusion was identified at diagnosis, persisted through B-ALL relapse, and was also present in the AML relapse cell population. ZNF384-rearrangements define a molecular subtype of B-ALL characterized by a pro-B-cell immunophenotype; furthermore, ZNF384-rearrangements are prevalent in mixed-phenotype acute leukemias. Lineage switch following CAR-T therapy has been described in patients with KMT2A (mixed lineage leukemia) rearrangements, but not previously in any patient with ZNF384 fusion.

Keywords: AML; B-ALL; CAR-T; leukemia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Cell Lineage
  • Combined Modality Therapy
  • Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Fatal Outcome
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
  • Humans
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive / methods*
  • Infant
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / etiology*
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics
  • Male
  • Myeloid Cells / pathology*
  • Oncogene Proteins, Fusion / genetics
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / drug therapy
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / genetics
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / pathology*
  • Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma / therapy
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen / immunology*
  • Salvage Therapy
  • T-Lymphocyte Subsets / immunology*
  • Trans-Activators / genetics

Substances

  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
  • Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
  • Receptors, Chimeric Antigen
  • TCF3 protein, human
  • Trans-Activators
  • ZNF384 protein, human