Green and Rapid Hydrothermal Crystallization and Synthesis of Fully Conjugated Aromatic Compounds

Highly fused, fully conjugated aromatic compounds are interesting candidates for organic electronics. With higher crystallinity their electronic properties improve. It is shown here that the crystallization of three archetypes of such molecules-pentacenetetrone, indigo, and perinone-can be achieved hydrothermally. Given their molecular structure, this is a truly startling finding. In addition, it is demonstrated that perinone can also be synthesized in solely high-temperature water from the starting compounds naphthalene bisanhydride and o-phenylene diamine without the need for co-solvents or catalysts. The transformation can be drastically accelerated by the application of microwave irradiation. This is the first report on the hydrothermal generation of two fused heterocycles.