QM/MM Studies of Dph5 - A Promiscuous Methyltransferase in the Eukaryotic Biosynthetic Pathway of Diphthamide

J Chem Inf Model. 2018 Jul 23;58(7):1406-1414. doi: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00217. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Abstract

Eukaryotic diphthine synthase, Dph5, is a promiscuous methyltransferase that catalyzes an extraordinary N, O-tetramethylation of 2-(3-carboxy-3-aminopropyl)-l-histidine (ACP) to yield diphthine methyl ester (DTM). These are intermediates in the biosynthesis of the post-translationally modified histidine residue diphthamide (DTA), a unique and essential residue part of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2). Herein, the promiscuity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dph5 has been studied with in silico approaches, including homology modeling to provide the structure of Dph5, protein-protein docking and molecular dynamics to construct the Dph5-eEF2 complex, and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations to outline a plausible mechanism. The calculations show that the methylation of ACP follows a typical SN2 mechanism, initiating with a complete methylation (trimethylation) at the N-position, followed by the single O-methylation. For each of the three N-methylation reactions, our calculations support a stepwise mechanism, which first involve proton transfer through a bridging water to a conserved aspartate residue D165, followed by a methyl transfer. Once fully methylated, the trimethyl amino group forms a weak electrostatic interaction with D165, which allows the carboxylate group of diphthine to attain the right orientation for the final methylation step to be accomplished.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aspartic Acid / chemistry
  • Biosynthetic Pathways
  • Computer Simulation
  • Histidine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Histidine / chemistry
  • Methylation
  • Methyltransferases / chemistry*
  • Molecular Docking Simulation*
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation*
  • Peptide Elongation Factor 2 / chemistry
  • Protein Binding
  • Protein Conformation
  • Protein Processing, Post-Translational
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins / chemistry*
  • Static Electricity

Substances

  • Peptide Elongation Factor 2
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
  • Aspartic Acid
  • Histidine
  • diphthamide
  • Methyltransferases
  • DPH5 protein, S cerevisiae