Unstable chest wall injuries can result from multiple rib fractures or a flail chest, and are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Traditionally such injuries have been treated non-operatively, with mechanical ventilation when required, and pain management. Surgical treatment of these fractures is technically possible, and studies suggest improved outcomes, such as lower time on mechanical ventilation and length of time in the intensive care unit, compared to non-operative treatment. However, there are many challenges and controversies regarding indications for surgical fixation, patient selection, outcomes, and fixation strategy. Further research in this area is warranted to better answer these questions.
Keywords: Flail chest; Rib fracture fixation; Rib fractures; Thoracic trauma; Unstable chest wall.
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