DUSP1 induces apatinib resistance by activating the MAPK pathway in gastric cancer

Oncol Rep. 2018 Sep;40(3):1203-1222. doi: 10.3892/or.2018.6520. Epub 2018 Jun 25.

Abstract

Dual‑specificity phosphatase‑1 (DUSP1) is an oncogene that is associated with cancer progression following drug resistance. In order to investigate the potential relationship between DUSP1 and apatinib resistance in gastric cancer cells, we preformed many assays to study this problem. DUSP1 gene was detected by RT‑qPCR assay, proteins in MAPK pathway were quantified by western blot assay, and CCK‑8 assay, flow cytometry and Hoechest 33342 stain were performed to detect the resistance of cells, cell cycles and apoptosis, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was used to discover the expression of DUSP1 protein in patients' tumor or paratumor tissues. It was found that apatinib (Apa)‑resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells showed increased expression of DUSP1, whereas the knockdown of DUSP1 in resistant cells resensitized these cells to Apa. The restored sensitivity to Apa was the result of inactivation of mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the induction of apoptosis. The in vitro use of Apa in combination with a DUSP1 inhibitor, triptolide, exerted significant effects on inhibiting the expression of DUSP1, growth inhibition, and apoptosis via the inactivation of MAPK signaling. In patients who did not undergo chemotherapy or targeted therapy, the expression of DUSP1 in adjacent tissues was higher when compared with that observed in tumor tissues. In addition, the expression of DUSP1 was higher in the early stages of GC than in the advanced stages. The expression of DUSP1 in tumor tissues was not associated with the survival rate of the patients. Therefore, increased expression of DUSP1 may be responsible for Apa resistance, and DUSP1 may serve as a biomarker for Apa efficacy. In conclusion, inducing the downregulation of DUSP1 may be a promising strategy to overcome Apa resistance.

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / drug therapy
  • Adenocarcinoma / metabolism
  • Adenocarcinoma / pathology*
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Apoptosis / drug effects
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Cell Cycle / drug effects
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm*
  • Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 / metabolism*
  • Female
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism*
  • Prognosis
  • Pyridines / pharmacology*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Stomach Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Stomach Neoplasms / metabolism
  • Stomach Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Pyridines
  • apatinib
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • DUSP1 protein, human
  • Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1