A postoperative parathyroid hormone-based algorithm to reduce symptomatic hypocalcemia following completion/total thyroidectomy: A retrospective analysis of 591 patients

Surgery. 2018 Oct;164(4):746-753. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.04.040. Epub 2018 Jul 30.

Abstract

Background: An institutional protocol for selective calcium/calcitriol supplementation after completion/total thyroidectomy was established based on the 4-hour postoperative parathyroid hormone level. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of this protocol 5 years after implementation.

Methods: All patients who underwent completion/total thyroidectomy from January 2012 to December 2016 were reviewed. Predictors of a 4-hour parathyroid hormone level <10 pg/mL and symptomatic hypocalcemia were assessed.

Results: Of 591 patients, 448 (76%) had a 4-hour parathyroid hormone ≥10, 72 (12%) had a 4-hour parathyroid hormone of 5-10, and 71 (12%) had a 4-hour parathyroid hormone <5. Hypocalcemic symptoms were infrequent (30/448, 7%) if the 4-hour parathyroid hormone was ≥10; 56% (40/71) of those with a 4-hour parathyroid hormone <5 reported symptoms. With 4-hour parathyroid hormone of 5-10, symptoms were reported in 32 of 72 (44%) patients; supplementation at discharge included calcium (n = 55, 76%), calcium and calcitriol (n = 12, 17%), or none (n = 5, 7%). Ten patients subsequently received calcitriol for persistent symptoms. On multivariate analysis, predictors of 4-hour parathyroid hormone <10 included incidental parathyroidectomy, malignancy, and thyroiditis; predictors of hypocalcemic symptoms included age <55 and 4-hour parathyroid hormone <10.

Conclusion: After completion/total thyroidectomy, patients with a 4-hour parathyroid hormone ≥10 can be safely discharged without routine supplementation. The addition of calcitriol to calcium supplementation should be strongly considered for patients with a 4-hour parathyroid hormone of 5-10.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Algorithms*
  • Calcitriol / therapeutic use
  • Calcium / therapeutic use
  • Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypocalcemia / diagnosis
  • Hypocalcemia / etiology*
  • Hypocalcemia / prevention & control*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Needs Assessment
  • Parathyroid Hormone / blood*
  • Postoperative Complications / diagnosis
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology*
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Thyroidectomy / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents
  • Parathyroid Hormone
  • Calcitriol
  • Calcium