How does nature exposure make people healthier?: Evidence for the role of impulsivity and expanded space perception

PLoS One. 2018 Aug 22;13(8):e0202246. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202246. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Nature exposure has been linked to a plethora of health benefits, but the mechanism for this effect is not well understood. We conducted two studies to test a new model linking the health benefits of nature exposure to reduced impulsivity in decision-making (as measured by delay discounting) via psychologically expanding space perception. In study 1 we collected a nationwide U.S. sample (n = 609) to determine whether nature exposure was predictive of health outcomes and whether impulsive decision-making mediated the effect. Results indicated that Nature Accessibility and Nature Exposure From Home significantly predicted reduced scores on the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales (DASS) (p < .001, p = .03, respectively) and improved general health and wellbeing (p < .001, p < .01, respectively). Nature Accessibility also predicted reduced impulsive decision-making (p < .01), and Nature Accessibility showed significant indirect effects through impulsive decision-making on both the DASS (p = .02) and general health and wellbeing (p = .04). In Study 2, a lab-based paradigm found that nature exposure expanded space perception (p < .001), and while the indirect effect of nature exposure through space perception on impulsive decision-making did not meet conventional standards of significance (p < .10), the pattern was consistent with hypotheses. This combination of ecologically-valid and experimental methods offers promising support for an impulsivity-focused model explaining the nature-health relationship.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Decision Making
  • Delay Discounting
  • Female
  • Health Promotion
  • Health Status
  • Humans
  • Impulsive Behavior*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Models, Psychological
  • Nature*
  • Space Perception*
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • United States
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

The authors received no specific funding for this work.