Exercise is the core of prevention and treatment for frailty and sarcopenia. Progressive and individualized physical activity program including resistance movement should be applied in community-dwelling older adults with frailty or sarcopenia. Combined use of balance exercise and aerobic exercise is also recommended. In hospitals, in addition to disease-specific rehabilitation, implementation of low-intensity resistance exercise such as the sit-to-stand exercise should be considered. Protein intake is indispensable in those with frailty or sarcopenia. If protein intake of is insufficient in daily meals, supplementation of protein, branched chain amino acid, etc. after exercise should be promoted.