Pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an important cause of deaths in critically ill children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. Although lung-protective ventilation improves the prognosis of pediatric ARDS, the mortality rate of children with moderate or severe ARDS is still high. Given that the epidemiology, treatment, and prognosis of pediatric ARDS are different from those of adult ARDS, pediatric ARDS was first defined in the 2015 Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. Early diagnosis and appropriate clinical management of ARDS are still great challenges for pediatric critical care medicine. This paper focuses on the definition, epidemiology, and management of pediatric ARDS.
儿童急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）是儿科重症监护室重症患者死亡的重要原因。尽管随着肺保护性通气策略的实施，儿童ARDS的预后有所改善，但中重度ARDS救治成功率仍低。鉴于与成人相比，儿童ARDS的流行病学、治疗和预后有差异，2015年国际儿科急性肺损伤共识会议第一次赋予儿童ARDS定义。提高对儿童ARDS的早期识别，规范临床管理，仍是儿科重症医学的重要挑战。该文对儿童ARDS的定义、流行病学特点和管理方案进行综述。