Canine Perianal Fistulas: Clinical Presentation, Pathogenesis, and Management

Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2019 Jan;49(1):53-65. doi: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.08.006. Epub 2018 Sep 11.

Abstract

Canine perianal fistulas are painful sinus tracts and ulcers that spontaneously develop in the skin around the anus. Middle-aged German shepherd dogs are most commonly affected and may have a genetic susceptibility. Although the disease was once believed related to conformational factors and primarily managed surgically, an immune-mediated pathogenesis is now recognized. Long-term medical management with immunomodulatory agents has become standard of care for canine perianal fistulas. Perianal fistulas can be debilitating and have a negative impact on quality of life of dogs and owners. Accurate diagnosis and aggressive medical therapy are key to successful management of canine perianal fistulas.

Keywords: Anal furunculosis; Canine; Cyclosporin A; German shepherd dog; Immune-mediated; Perianal fistula.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Anus Diseases / diagnosis
  • Anus Diseases / veterinary*
  • Dog Diseases / diagnosis*
  • Dogs
  • Fistula / diagnosis
  • Fistula / veterinary*
  • Perianal Glands / pathology*
  • Veterinary Medicine / trends