[Primary Care and oral health promotion: Assessment of an educational intervention in school children]

Aten Primaria. 2019 Aug-Sep;51(7):416-423. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2018.05.003. Epub 2018 Oct 11.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the short and medium term effectiveness of a Primary Care-driven oral health promotion intervention.

Design: A non-randomised community intervention trial.

Setting: Three socio-demographically similar primary schools of a deprived neighborhood in Granada, Spain.

Participants: Eighty-two intervention and 109 control students aged 5 to 6, as well as the teachers and the parent's association of the intervention school (IS) participated in the study.

Intervention: School-based health promotion activities aimed at students, and regular meetings with the teachers and parents of the IS during 2 consecutive years.

Main measurements: Students' oral health-related knowledge and behavior, assessed via questionnaires distributed before the intervention, and 6 and 18 months afterwards.

Results: Compared to the control groups at 18 months, students belonging to the IS reported enhanced oral health knowledge (OR 3.54; 95% CI 1.46-8.58), and an increased consumption of healthy food at breakfast (OR 2.95; 95% CI 1.26-6.89) and during mid-afternoon snack (OR 3.67; 95% CI 1.49-9.05). A significant decrease was seen in the intake of pastries (OR 4.05; 95% CI 1.68-9.81) and sweetened soft drinks and juices (OR 3.79; 95% CI 1.57-9.12) amongst intervention compared to control students in the medium term (18 months). No significant improvements were observed concerning oral hygiene in the IS.

Conclusions: School-based educational interventions, when developed through an intersectoral and participative approach and considering the socio-economic context, appear to be effective in improving students' diet-related knowledge and behaviors.

Objetivo: Evaluar a corto y medio plazo la efectividad de una intervención de promoción de la salud bucodental impulsada desde Atención Primaria.

Diseño: Ensayo comunitario de intervención no aleatorizado.

Emplazamiento: Tres centros educativos de características sociodemográficas similares de un barrio empobrecido de Granada.

Participantes: Participaron en el estudio 82 alumnos de entre 5 y 6 años del colegio intervención (CI) y 109 de los colegios control (CC), así como los profesores y padres/madres de los alumnos del CI.

Intervención: Actividades escolares de promoción de la salud bucodental dirigidas a los alumnos, y reuniones periódicas con los profesores y padres/madres del CI durante 2 cursos consecutivos.

Mediciones principales: Conocimientos sobre salud bucodental y hábitos higiénico-dietéticos de los alumnos, valorados mediante cuestionarios distribuidos antes de la intervención y transcurridos 6 y 18 meses.

Resultados: Transcurridos 18 meses, los conocimientos adquiridos fueron significativamente superiores en el CI (OR 3,54; IC 95% 1,46-8,58) en comparación con los CC. El consumo de alimentos saludables aumentó significativamente en el desayuno (OR 2,95; IC 95% 1,26-6,89) y la merienda (OR 3,67; IC 95% 1,49-9,05) y disminuyó el consumo de bollería (OR 4,05; IC 95% 1,68-9,81) y refrescos azucarados (OR 3,79; IC 95% 1,57-9,12) respecto a los CC. No se observaron mejoras en relación con la higiene bucodental en el CI.

Conclusiones: Las intervenciones escolares de educación sanitaria, desarrolladas de forma intersectorial, participativa y considerando los contextos socioeconómicos particulares, resultan eficaces en la mejora del conocimiento y los hábitos dietéticos de los alumnos.

Keywords: Atención Primaria; Health promotion; Oral health; Primary Health Care; Promoción de la salud; Salud bucal; School health services; Servicios de salud escolar.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study
  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diet, Healthy
  • Health Promotion / methods*
  • Humans
  • Oral Health / education*
  • Oral Hygiene / education*
  • Poverty Areas
  • Primary Health Care*
  • Program Evaluation
  • School Health Services
  • Spain