Effectiveness of surgical hand antisepsis using chlorhexidine digluconate and parachlorometaxylenol hand scrub: Cross-over trial

Medicine (Baltimore). 2018 Oct;97(42):e12831. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012831.

Abstract

Background: Chlorhexidine and parachlorometaxylenol (PCMX) are antiseptics recommended for surgical hand antisepsis. To our knowledge, PCMX has not been evaluated for bactericidal efficacy "in vivo.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled crossover trial to compare the bacterial loads on fingertips and fingernails under laboratory conditions after use of antiseptic test products, including chlorhexidine digluconate 4%, PCMX 3%, and a reference solution of propan-1-ol 60% (P-1). We assessed bacterial load after a prewash with soft soap, immediately after application of an antiseptic, and 3 hours after application and wearing of sterile, powder-free gloves. Our procedures followed those specified by European Norm (EN) 12791 for evaluating surgical hand antiseptics and using cotton swab for fingertips and fingernails.

Results: Chlorhexidine digluconate 4% and PCMX 3% did not decrease bacterial load on the hands. The bactericidal performances of chlorhexidine digluconate 4% and PCMX 3% did not differ significantly. Chlorhexidine digluconate 4% and PCMX 3% increased bacterial load on the fingertips after participants had worn gloves for 3 hours. Fingernails had greater bacterial loads than skin on the fingertips.

Conclusions: Chlorhexidine digluconate 4% and PCMX 3% had similar bactericidal efficacy, but they failed to meet the EN 12791 efficacy standard. Fingernails should be a particular focus of antisepsis in preparation for surgery.The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT02500758).

Publication types

  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Anti-Infective Agents, Local / administration & dosage*
  • Antisepsis / methods
  • Bacterial Load / methods
  • Chlorhexidine / administration & dosage
  • Chlorhexidine / analogs & derivatives*
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Hand / microbiology*
  • Hand Disinfection / methods*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Xylenes / administration & dosage*

Substances

  • Anti-Infective Agents, Local
  • Xylenes
  • chloroxylenol
  • chlorhexidine gluconate
  • Chlorhexidine

Associated data

  • ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02500758