Feasibility and safety of nivolumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: real-life experience from three German centers

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan;145(1):253-259. doi: 10.1007/s00432-018-2780-8. Epub 2018 Oct 29.

Abstract

Introduction: Nivolumab is the first checkpoint-inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced HCC patients. Real-life experience data of nivolumab treatment in HCC patients, especially those with advanced liver disease, is scarce.

Materials and methods: All patients with confirmed advanced HCC and nivolumab treatment from three large German centers were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical parameters and outcome were assessed.

Results: A total of 34 patients were included. At the time of treatment initiation 5 patients (14.7%) were classified as stage BCLC B and 29 (85.3%) BCLC C, respectively. 25 (73.5) patients had received prior sorafenib treatment. All patients presented with cirrhosis, namely Child-Pugh stages A (56%) or B (41%), respectively. At time of patient's assessment, 20 out of 34 (58.8%) patients had died. Grade 3 toxicities occurred in two patients (5.9%). Best overall responses were partial response in four patients (11.8%) and stable disease in eight patients (23.5%). The median overall survival of the whole cohort was 7.5 weeks (range 0-46). Child-Pugh B stage disease at treatment start was significantly associated with poor outcome.

Discussion: Nivolumab treatment seems safe and clinical efficacious. Patients with advanced liver disease require further prospective evaluation due to probable limited efficacy of nivolumab.

Keywords: Cirrhosis; HCC; Immunotherapy; Liver function; Nivolumab.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / adverse effects*
  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / therapeutic use*
  • Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / drug therapy*
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Female
  • Germany
  • Humans
  • Liver Neoplasms / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nivolumab / adverse effects*
  • Nivolumab / therapeutic use*
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Survival Analysis
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
  • Nivolumab