Is the Posterior-Only Approach Sufficient for Treating Cervical Spine Metastases? The Evidence from a Case Series

World Neurosurg. 2019 Feb:122:e783-e789. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.10.147. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Abstract

Objectives: Few studies have evaluated surgical options in the treatment of cervical metastatic disease. The aim of this study is to report the surgical outcomes of patients treated with the posterior-only approach for metastatic cervical disease.

Methods: In this retrospective analysis, all cases treated in our institution from 2009 to 2017 were reviewed. Six (20%) patients had intracompartimental lesions (Tomita 1-3), whereas 24 (80%) patients had extracompartimental lesions (Tomita 4-7), with extensive anterior column involvement. All patients were surgically treated with laminectomy and posterior stabilization. Pain and neurologic function were evaluated before and after surgery.

Results: Thirty patients were included (15 female, 15 male), with a mean age of 60.6 ± 11.56 years (range 35-82 years). Lesions were located in 7 patients (23.3%) in the upper cervical spine and in 14 patients (46.6%) and in 9 patients (30,1%) in the mid-cervical and in the cervicothoracic junction, respectively. At a mean follow up of 13.7 ± 14.8 months, 15 (50%) patients died from their disease. Pain decreased in all patients after surgery, (preoperative NRS 5.57 ± 1.81 postoperative Numeric Rating Scale of 2.1 ± 1.0, P < 0.00001). Two patients (6.7%) had significant neurologic worsening after surgery. Two (6.9%) patients had surgical-site infection that required reintervention. No mechanical failures were observed.

Conclusions: In our series, posterior-only fixation provided postoperative pain relief and achieve spinal stability, ultimately improving the quality of life. In conclusion, posterior-approach decompression and stabilization is a safe and feasible procedure in patients with neurologic or mechanical instability for cervical spine metastasis.

Keywords: Anterior approach; Cervical fixation; Cervical spine; Cord decompression; Metastasis; Oncology; Pain; Pedicle screws; Posterior approach; Spinal cord compression; Surgery.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Cervical Vertebrae / diagnostic imaging*
  • Cervical Vertebrae / surgery*
  • Decompression, Surgical / methods*
  • Decompression, Surgical / trends
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Laminectomy / methods*
  • Laminectomy / trends
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neurosurgical Procedures / methods
  • Neurosurgical Procedures / trends
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Spinal Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Spinal Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Survival Rate / trends
  • Treatment Outcome