Tyro3 is a podocyte protective factor in glomerular disease

JCI Insight. 2018 Nov 15;3(22):e123482. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.123482.

Abstract

Our previous work demonstrated a protective role of protein S in early diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Protein S exerts antiinflammatory and antiapoptotic effects through the activation of TYRO3, AXL, and MER (TAM) receptors. Among the 3 TAM receptors, we showed that the biological effects of protein S were mediated largely by TYRO3 in diabetic kidneys. Our data now show that TYRO3 mRNA expression is highly enriched in human glomeruli and that TYRO3 protein is expressed in podocytes. Interestingly, glomerular TYRO3 mRNA expression increased in mild DKD but was suppressed in progressive DKD, as well as in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Functionally, morpholino-mediated knockdown of tyro3 altered glomerular filtration barrier development in zebrafish larvae, and genetic ablation of Tyro3 in murine models of DKD and Adriamycin-induced nephropathy (ADRN) worsened albuminuria and glomerular injury. Conversely, the induction of TYRO3 overexpression specifically in podocytes significantly attenuated albuminuria and kidney injury in mice with DKD, ADRN, and HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Mechanistically, TYRO3 expression was suppressed by activation of TNF-α/NF-κB pathway, which may contribute to decreased TYRO3 expression in progressive DKD and FSGS, and TYRO3 signaling conferred antiapoptotic effects through the activation of AKT in podocytes. In conclusion, TYRO3 plays a critical role in maintaining normal podocyte function and may be a potential new drug target to treat glomerular diseases.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Chronic kidney disease; Diabetes; Nephrology.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / genetics
  • AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / metabolism
  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / chemically induced
  • Diabetic Nephropathies / metabolism*
  • Diabetic Nephropathies / pathology
  • Doxorubicin
  • Gene Knockdown Techniques
  • Humans
  • Kidney Glomerulus / metabolism*
  • Kidney Glomerulus / pathology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Podocytes / metabolism*
  • Podocytes / pathology
  • Protective Factors
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / genetics
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / metabolism
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases / physiology*
  • Transcriptional Activation
  • Zebrafish

Substances

  • Doxorubicin
  • Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
  • TYRO3 protein, human