Introduction: Intrathoracic textiloma is a rare complication possibly leading to misdiagnosis. It could present as haemoptysis, lung abscess, pseudo-tumour or a chronic cough.
Case report: A 65-year-old patient with a history of multiple cardiac problems and needing long-term anticoagulation, complained since 2007 of recurrent haemoptysis of increasing abundance, the etiological investigation of which was negative. A thoracic CT-scan revealed a lesion in the lingula in contact with the pericardial plates of an implanted automatic defibrillator dating from 1989. In 2016, after two failures of arterial embolization, a diagnostic and therapeutic surgical exploration was undertaken on this patient who was a high operative risk. A segmental resection revealed an intra-pulmonary textiloma on pathological examination.
Conclusion: The diagnosis of intrathoracic textiloma remains rare and its late presentation is non specific. Radiological imaging with a CT-scan and/or MRI could lead to the diagnosis. Surgery remains the reference treatment for the diagnosis and cure of intrathoracic textiloma with pathological examination, essential for confirmation. A means of prevention has to be developed because swab count is not totally reliable.
Keywords: Bronchial artery embolization; Chirurgie thoracique; Corps étranger; Défibrillateur automatique implantable; Embolisation artérielle bronchique; Foreign body; Haemoptysis; Hémoptysie; Implantable defibrillator; Textiloma; Textilome; Thoracic surgery.
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