Objective: To investigate the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women in urban areas of China. Methods: The study was a national cross-sectional survey conducted from September 19th, 2016 to November 20th, 2016. According to the classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, all survey sites were set up in 6 regions of the country.Pregnant women were continuously selected using multistage stratified sampling. A total of 12 403 pregnant women were collected and examined for serum ferritin and hemoglobin levels. Results: The median serum ferritin level during pregnancy was 20.60 μg/L (11.78-36.98 μg/L) , the hemoglobin level was (118±12) g/L. With the progress of pregnancy, the levels of serum ferritin and hemoglobin decreased gradually. The median serum ferritin levels in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 54.30 μg/L (34.48-94.01 μg/L) , 28.60 μg/L (16.40-50.52 μg/L) , and 16.70 μg/L (10.20-27.00 μg/L) respectively (P<0.01) . The mean hemoglobin levels were (127±10) g/L, (119±11) g/L and (117±11) g/L respectively (P<0.01) . The prevalence of ID in urban pregnant women was 48.16% (5 973/12 403) , and IDA prevalence was 13.87% (1 720/12 403) . The prevalence of IDA in the first, second trimester and third trimester were 1.96% (20/1 019) , 8.40% (293/3 487) and 17.82% (1 407/7 897) ,respectively (P<0.01) . The prevalence of standardized ID and IDA were significantly different in various regions of China (P<0.01) . The standardized prevalence of ID were relatively higher in East China and Northeast China, 57.37% and 53.41% respectively, while it was the lowest in Southwest China, 30.51%. The standardized prevalence of IDA in South Central, Northwest, and East China were relatively high, 21.30%, 16.97% and 17.53% respectively, and the standardized prevalence of IDA in Southwest China was the lowest, 5.44%, the differents in various regions were significant (all P<0.01) . Conclusion: The current phenomenon of ID and IDA in pregnant women is still very common, and nutrition and health care during pregnancy should be strengthened.
目的： 调查我国部分城市孕妇铁缺乏（ID）、缺铁性贫血（IDA）的患病率。 方法： 本研究为横断面调查，采取多阶段分层抽样方法。于2016年9月19日至2016年11月20日在我国6个片区21个城市设立调查点连续纳入孕妇共12 403例，检查孕妇的血清铁蛋白、血红蛋白水平等指标。 结果： （1）12 403例孕妇的中位血清铁蛋白水平为20.60 μg/L（11.78~36.98 μg/L），血红蛋白水平为（118±12）g/L。妊娠早、中、晚期孕妇的中位血清铁蛋白水平分别为54.30 μg/L（34.48~94.01 μg/L），28.60 μg/L（16.40~50.52 μg/L），16.70 μg/L（10.20~27.00 μg/L），差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）；血红蛋白水平分别为（127±10）、（119±11）、（117±11）g/L，3者比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。（2）12 403例孕妇ID的患病率为48.16%（5 973/12 403）；IDA的患病率为13.87%（1 720/12 403）。妊娠早、中、晚期孕妇IDA的患病率分别为1.96%（20/1 019）、8.40%（293/3 487）、17.82%（1 407/7 897），3者比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。华东和东北地区孕妇ID的标准化患病率最高，分别为57.37%、53.41%；西南地区ID标准化患病率最低，为30.51%；中南、西北、华东IDA的标准化患病率较高，分别为21.30%、16.97%、17.53%，西南地区的IDA的标准化患病率最低，为5.44%；6个地区比较，差异均有统计学意义（P均<0.01）。 结论： 目前城市孕妇ID和IDA的现象仍较普遍，应加强孕期营养保健。.
Keywords: Anemia, iron-deficiency; Deficiency diseases; Iron; Pregnancy complications; Prevalence.