Factors Affecting Early Death and Survival of Patients With Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Treated With ATRA-Based Therapy Regimens

Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2019 Jan;19(1):e63-e70. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2018.08.001. Epub 2018 Aug 11.

Abstract

Purpose: To perform a retrospective analysis of the prognostic relevance of clinicopathologic parameters in a well-documented cohort of patients treated with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA)-based induction regimens in order to discover which indicators can predict a high risk of early death (ED) and patient survival.

Patients and methods: We analyzed data of 288 newly diagnosed adult acute promyelocytic leukemia patients in Hangzhou, China. The median follow-up time was 32 months (range, 6-78 months).

Results: The 3-year disease-free and overall survival rates were 90.83% and 91.69%, respectively. In the multivariable analysis, older age (≥ 60 years) was the only independent risk factor for ED (hazard ratio [HR] = 15.057; P = .004). High white blood cell count was not a risk factor for ED (P = .055), but it was for relapse (HR = 2.7; P = .009). FLT3 mutation (HR = 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 10; P = .007) and older age (≥ 60 years) (HR = 5.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 11; P < .001) were prognostic factors for poorer disease-free and overall survival. Interestingly, CD15 negativity (HR = 0.23; P = .049) was a prognostic factor for relapse. The ED rate was 5.9% (17/288 patients).

Conclusion: The perceived impact of the identification of these high-risk factors should be described in order to decide whether any modifications to treatment strategy should be entertained.

Keywords: CD15 immunotype; Early death; FLT3 mutation; Prognostic factors; Relapse.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / pharmacology
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / therapeutic use*
  • Death
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / drug therapy*
  • Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute / mortality
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Rate
  • Tretinoin / pharmacology
  • Tretinoin / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Tretinoin