Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a major cause of visual impairment in patients suffering from wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), particularly when refractory to intraocular anti-VEGF injections. Here we report that treatment with the oral mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone reduces signs of CNV in patients refractory to anti-VEGF treatment. In animal models of wet AMD, pharmacological inhibition of the MR pathway or endothelial-specific deletion of MR inhibits CNV through VEGF-independent mechanisms, in part through upregulation of the extracellular matrix protein decorin. Intravitreal injections of spironolactone-loaded microspheres and systemic delivery lead to similar reductions in CNV. Together, our work suggests MR inhibition as a novel therapeutic option for wet AMD patients unresponsive to anti-VEGF drugs.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Animals
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Choroid / drug effects
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Choroid / metabolism
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Choroid / pathology
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Choroidal Neovascularization / drug therapy*
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Choroidal Neovascularization / genetics
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Choroidal Neovascularization / metabolism
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Choroidal Neovascularization / pathology
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Drug Compounding / methods
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Female
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Gene Expression
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Humans
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Intravitreal Injections
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Macular Degeneration / drug therapy*
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Macular Degeneration / genetics
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Macular Degeneration / metabolism
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Macular Degeneration / pathology
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Male
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Mice
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Mice, Transgenic
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Microspheres
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Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / therapeutic use*
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Pilot Projects
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Prospective Studies
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Ranibizumab / therapeutic use
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Rats, Long-Evans
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Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / genetics*
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Receptors, Mineralocorticoid / metabolism
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Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor / therapeutic use
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins / therapeutic use
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Spironolactone / therapeutic use*
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Treatment Outcome
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / antagonists & inhibitors
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / genetics
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / metabolism
Substances
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors
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Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
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Receptors, Mineralocorticoid
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Recombinant Fusion Proteins
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VEGFA protein, human
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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aflibercept
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Spironolactone
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Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
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Ranibizumab