All-inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have received considerable attention in optoelectronic applications owing to their excellent photoluminescence properties. However, low blue-violet fluorescence emission and instability limit their practical application. Herein, we propose to improve the optical properties of CsPbCl3 QDs by co-doping La3+ and F- ions. The co-doped perovskite QDs were successfully synthesized using the hot injection approach, and they exhibited bright blue-violet emission and a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 36.5%, which is one order higher than that of undoped QDs. Enhanced photoluminescence performance compared to the initial CsPbCl3 QDs could be attributed to efficient modification of defects (Cl vacancy) and increased radiative recombination rate by the introduction of the dopants. Moreover, the as-prepared La3+ and F- ions co-doped CsPbCl3 QDs exhibited potential application for anti-counterfeiting.