Novel magnetic calcium phosphate-stem cell construct with magnetic field enhances osteogenic differentiation and bone tissue engineering

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2019 May:98:30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.120. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Abstract

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are promising bioactive additives to fabricate magnetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. To date, there has been no report on osteoinductivity of IONP-incorporated calcium phosphate cement (IONP-CPC) scaffold on stem cells using an exterior static magnetic field (SMF). The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel magnetic IONP-CPC construct for bone tissue engineering, and (2) investigate the effects of IONP-incorporation and SMF application on the proliferation, osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral synthesis of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) seeded on IONP-CPC scaffold for the first time. The novel magnetic IONP-CPC under SMF enhanced the cellular performance of hDPSCs, yielding greater alkaline phosphatase activities (about 3-fold), increased expressions of osteogenic marker genes, and more cell-synthesized bone minerals (about 2.5-fold), compared to CPC control and nonmagnetic IONP-CPC. In addition, IONP-CPC induced more active osteogenesis than CPC control in rat mandible defects. These results were consistent with the enhanced cellular performance by magnetic IONP in media under SMF. Moreover, nano-aggregates were detected inside the cells by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Therefore, the enhanced cell performance was attributed to the physical forces generated by the magnetic field together with cell internalization of the released magnetic nanoparticles from IONP-CPC constructs.

Keywords: Bone regeneration; Calcium phosphate cement; Iron oxide nanoparticles; Magnetic field; Osteogenic differentiation.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bone and Bones / cytology
  • Bone and Bones / drug effects
  • Calcium Phosphates / chemistry*
  • Calcium Phosphates / pharmacology
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Ferric Compounds / chemistry*
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Fields
  • Metal Nanoparticles / chemistry
  • Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
  • Osteogenesis / drug effects
  • Rats
  • Tissue Engineering / methods*

Substances

  • Calcium Phosphates
  • Ferric Compounds
  • ferric oxide
  • calcium phosphate