Efficacy and safety of cabazitaxel for castration-resistant prostate cancer in patients with > 10 cycles of docetaxel chemotherapy: a multi-institutional study

This multi-institutional study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety profiles of cabazitaxel after prior docetaxel chemotherapy in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). This study included 63 Japanese patients with CRPC who were treated with cabazitaxel from 2014 to 2017. The oncological outcomes and adverse events (AEs) were documented, and prognostic factors for oncological outcomes and predictive factors for AEs were analysed. PSA decline was observed in 68.3% of patients, including 25.4% who achieved a ≥ 50% decline. The median progression-free survival, treatment failure-free survival, and overall survival were 4.3, 4.1, and 9.0 months, respectively. More cycles of prior docetaxel therapy was identified as common favourable prognostic factors for progression-free survival, treatment failure-free survival, and overall survival. Severe neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, and severe non-haematological AEs were observed in 73.0%, 33.3%, and 23.8% of patients, respectively. However, > 10 cycles of docetaxel was not associated with increased incidence of AEs. In conclusion, cabazitaxel chemotherapy was still active in Japanese CRPC patients treated with > 10 cycles of docetaxel chemotherapy, with an acceptable risk of AE burden. Treatment with cabazitaxel after > 10 cycles of docetaxel may be an appropriate option when it can be administered.