Tracing MYC Expression for Small Molecule Discovery

Cell Chem Biol. 2019 May 16;26(5):699-710.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.02.007. Epub 2019 Mar 14.

Abstract

Our inability to effectively "drug" targets such as MYC for therapeutic purposes requires the development of new approaches. We report on the implementation of a phenotype-based assay for monitoring MYC expression in multiple myeloma cells. The open reading frame (ORF) encoding an unstable variant of GFP was engineered immediately downstream of the MYC ORF using CRISPR/Cas9, resulting in co-expression of both proteins from the endogenous MYC locus. Using fluorescence readout as a surrogate for MYC expression, we implemented a pilot screen in which ∼10,000 compounds were prosecuted. Among known MYC expression inhibitors, we identified cardiac glycosides and cytoskeletal disruptors to be quite potent. We demonstrate the power of CRISPR/Cas9 engineering in establishing phenotype-based assays to identify gene expression modulators.

Keywords: CRISPR/Cas9; MYC expression; chemical biology; drug discovery; drug repurposing; genome engineering; multiple myelomas; phenotype-based assay; target identification.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Bufanolides / pharmacology
  • CRISPR-Cas Systems / genetics
  • Cardiac Glycosides / pharmacology
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cytoskeleton / drug effects
  • Cytoskeleton / metabolism
  • Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / genetics
  • Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / metabolism
  • RNA Interference
  • RNA, Small Interfering / metabolism
  • Small Molecule Libraries / pharmacology*
  • Transcription, Genetic / drug effects*

Substances

  • Bufanolides
  • Cardiac Glycosides
  • Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
  • RNA, Small Interfering
  • Small Molecule Libraries
  • bufalin