Red cell distribution width in acute pulmonary embolism patients: A simple aid for improvement of the 30-day mortality risk stratification based on the pulmonary embolism severity index

Heart Lung. 2019 Sep-Oct;48(5):436-445. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.02.006. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) severity index (PESI) well predicts 30-day mortality in acute PE patients, yet improvements have been advocated.

Objectives: To evaluate predictivity of the red cell distribution width (RDW) through a comparison with PESI and to explore their interaction as a potential improvement in this respect.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of consecutive adult PE patients.

Results: Of the 299 patients, 19 severely unstable died within 48 h. Among the stabilized patients, 30-day mortality was 12.1% (34/280). With PESI ≤125, mortality was 4.9% (9/185), but it was 0.7% (1/140) if RDW ≤15.0% and 17.8% (8/45) if RDW >15.0%; with PESI >125, mortality was 26.3% (25/95), but it was 15.9% (7/44) if RDW ≤15.0% and 35.3% (18/51) if RDW >15.0%. Adjusted relative risk with PESI >125 vs. ≤125 was 17.5 (95%CI 2.37-129) at RDW ≤15.0% and 1.60 (0.76-3.36) at RDW >15.0%.

Conclusions: Thirty-day mortality predictions based on the PESI score may be improved by accounting for RDW.

Keywords: 30-day mortality; Acute pulmonary embolism; Pulmonary embolism severity index; Red cell distribution width.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Angiography / methods
  • Croatia / epidemiology
  • Diagnostic Imaging / methods*
  • Echocardiography / methods
  • Erythrocyte Indices
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multidetector Computed Tomography / methods
  • Prognosis
  • Pulmonary Embolism / blood*
  • Pulmonary Embolism / diagnosis
  • Pulmonary Embolism / mortality
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment / methods*
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Survival Rate / trends
  • Young Adult