Measurable residual disease testing for personalized treatment of acute myeloid leukemia

APMIS. 2019 May;127(5):337-351. doi: 10.1111/apm.12926. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Abstract

This review summarizes - with the practicing hematologist in mind - the methods used to determine measurable residual disease (MRD) in everyday practice with some future perspectives, and the current knowledge about the prognostic impact of MRD on outcome in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), excluding acute promyelocytic leukemia. Possible implications for choice of MRD method, timing of MRD monitoring, and guidance of therapy are discussed in general and in some detail for certain types of leukemia with specific molecular markers to monitor, including core binding factor (CBF)-leukemias and NPM1-mutated leukemias.

Keywords: CBFB-MYH11; NPM1; RUNX1-RUNX1T1; Acute myeloid leukemia; CBF leukemia; flow cytometry; inv(16); measurable residual disease; multicolor flow cytometry; personalized treatment; t(16;16); t(8;21).

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Cytoreduction Surgical Procedures
  • Flow Cytometry
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / genetics
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / therapy*
  • Mutation
  • Neoplasm, Residual / diagnosis
  • Nuclear Proteins / genetics
  • Nucleophosmin
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Precision Medicine

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • NPM1 protein, human
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Nucleophosmin