Coordinated signals from the DNA repair enzymes PARP-1 and PARP-2 promotes B-cell development and function

Cell Death Differ. 2019 Dec;26(12):2667-2681. doi: 10.1038/s41418-019-0326-5. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Abstract

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-1 and PARP-2 regulate the function of various DNA-interacting proteins by transferring ADP-ribose emerging from catalytic cleavage of cellular β-NAD+. Hence, mice lacking PARP-1 or PARP-2 show DNA perturbations ranging from altered DNA integrity to impaired DNA repair. These effects stem from the central role that PARP-1 and PARP-2 have on the cellular response to DNA damage. Failure to mount a proper response culminates in cell death. Accordingly, PARP inhibitors are emerging as promising drugs in cancer therapy. However, the full impact of these inhibitors on immunity, including B-cell antibody production, remains elusive. Given that mice carrying dual PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency develop early embryonic lethality, we crossed PARP-1-deficient mice with mice carrying a B-cell-conditional PARP-2 gene deletion. We found that the resulting dually PARP-1 and PARP-2-deficient mice had perturbed bone-marrow B-cell development as well as profound peripheral depletion of transitional and follicular but not marginal zone B-cells. Of note, bone-marrow B-cell progenitors and peripheral mature B-cells were conserved in mice carrying either PARP-1 or PARP-2 deficiency. In dually PARP-1 and PARP-2-deficient mice, B-cell lymphopenia was associated with increased DNA damage and accentuated death in actively proliferating B-cells. Moreover, dual PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency impaired antibody responses to T-independent carbohydrate but not to T-dependent protein antigens. Notwithstanding the pivotal role of PARP-1 and PARP-2 in DNA repair, combined PARP-1 and PARP-2 deficiency did not perturb the DNA-editing processes required for the generation of a protective antibody repertoire, including Ig V(D)J gene recombination and IgM-to-IgG class switching. These findings provide key information as to the potential impact of PARP inhibitors on humoral immunity, which will facilitate the development of safer PARP-targeting regimens against cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • B-Lymphocytes / cytology*
  • B-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
  • DNA Repair*
  • Gene Rearrangement
  • Genes, Immunoglobulin
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 / genetics
  • Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 / metabolism*
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / deficiency
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / genetics
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Parp1 protein, mouse
  • Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1
  • Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
  • Parp2 protein, mouse