Fungal Infections of the Stem Cell Transplant Recipient and Hematologic Malignancy Patients

Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2019 Jun;33(2):545-566. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.02.006.

Abstract

Despite advances in chemotherapy and supportive care, morbidity and mortality remain high for patients with hematologic malignancies (HMs). Those who require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) often require significant immunosuppression and are subject to a variety of complications. These patients carry multiple risk factors for infectious complications, including the development of invasive fungal infections, compared with the general population. Because antifungal prophylaxis has been widely adopted, there has been a shift away from invasive candidiasis toward invasive mold infections, including breakthrough infections. For patients with HM and HSCT, we outline the epidemiology, manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of invasive fungal infections.

Keywords: Aspergillosis; Candidiasis; Fungal infections; Hematologic malignancies; Hematopoietic stem cell transplant; Mucormycosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Candidiasis, Invasive / drug therapy
  • Candidiasis, Invasive / etiology
  • Clinical Trials as Topic
  • Hematologic Neoplasms / complications*
  • Hematologic Neoplasms / microbiology*
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppression Therapy / adverse effects
  • Invasive Fungal Infections / drug therapy
  • Invasive Fungal Infections / etiology*
  • Meta-Analysis as Topic
  • Risk Factors
  • Systematic Reviews as Topic