Diverse presentations of cutaneous mosaicism occur in CYLD cutaneous syndrome and may result in parent-to-child transmission

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019 Dec;81(6):1300-1307. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.021. Epub 2019 May 11.

Abstract

Background: Clusters of rare cylindroma or spiradenoma tumors are a recurrent clinical presentation, yet conventional genetic testing results in individuals with these tumors are frequently normal.

Objective: To determine if genetic mosaicism accounts for such cases.

Methods: A study of 6 cases from a series of 55 patients who met criteria for diagnostic gene testing for pathogenic CYLD variants over a 5-year period (2012-2017) was performed. A novel genetic assay was used to study DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes and, where possible, matched skin and tumor tissue.

Results: Two patients had mosaic pathogenic CYLD variants in both the blood and skin. One of these patients transmitted a pathogenic variant to her daughter, and we report the novel phenotype of a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving CYLD. Two patients had recurrent pathogenic variants in skin tumors from a single cluster but none detectable in the blood.

Limitations: The remaining 2 patients had clinical features of mosaicism, but these cases were not solved with the assays used because of a lack of access of fresh tumor tissue.

Conclusion: Genetic mosaicism should be considered in patients presenting with clustered cylindromas, because this may inform genetic testing and counseling of these patients.

Keywords: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome; CYLD; CYLD cutaneous syndrome; genetic counseling; genetic testing of the skin; mosaicism; parent-to-child transmission.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / genetics
  • Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic / pathology*
  • Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD / genetics*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
  • Germ-Line Mutation / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Mosaicism
  • Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / epidemiology
  • Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary / genetics*
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Sampling Studies
  • Skin Neoplasms / epidemiology
  • Skin Neoplasms / genetics
  • Skin Neoplasms / pathology*

Substances

  • CYLD protein, human
  • Deubiquitinating Enzyme CYLD

Supplementary concepts

  • Familial cylindromatosis