Long-term disease-free survival in surgically-resected oral tongue cancer: a 10-year retrospective study

Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2019 Apr;39(2):84-91. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-2336.

Abstract

Sopravvivenza libera da malattia a lungo termine nel tumore della lingua mobile operato: studio retrospettivo a 10 anni.

Riassunto: Il tumore della lingua mobile, in fase iniziale o localmente avanzata, può essere trattato mediante chirurgia, da sola o seguita da radioterapia o chemio-radioterapia. Tuttavia, fino al 40% dei pazienti sviluppa una recidiva di malattia. Lo scopo del nostro studio è quello di valutare le caratteristiche anatomo-patologiche e cliniche associate ad una ridotta sopravvivenza libera da malattia (DFS) in pazienti con tumore della lingua mobile sottoposti a chirurgia. Sono stati identificati 106 pazienti operati per tumore della lingua mobile. Dopo un follow-up mediano di 8,9 anni, sono stati osservati 22 eventi, incluse 11 morti. Il tasso di DFS a 5 anni è stato dell’87,4%. La presenza di estensione extranodale (p = 0,023) ed invasione perineurale (p = 0,003) erano significativamente correlate ad una DFS ridotta (analisi univariata). Nell’analisi multivariata, sia l’estensione extranodale che l’invasione perineurale hanno confermato il loro ruolo quali fattori prognostici associati ad un aumentato rischio di recidiva di malattia [Hazard Ratio (HR) 2,87, 95% CI 1,11-7,42, p = 0,03; HR 3,85, 95% CI 1,49-9,96, p = 0,006]. L’espressione di p16 e p53 è stata identificata nel 12% (n = 9) e 46% (n = 40) dei casi, rispettivamente. Non sono state identificate differenze in termini di sopravvivenza tra tumori p53+ e p53-, né tra tumori p16+ e p16-. In conclusione, la chirurgia primaria, eventualmente seguita da radioterapia o chemio-radioterapia, può consentire alti livelli di guarigione nel tumore della lingua mobile. L’invasione perineurale e l’estensione extra-nodale si sono confermati fattori prognostici correlati ad una minore DFS.

Keywords: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; Oral cancer; Tongue cancer; p16; p53.

Plain language summary

Early and loco-regionally advanced oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) can be treated by surgery alone or followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. Nevertheless, up to 40% of patients develop tumour relapse. The aim of our study is to investigate the clinical and pathological features associated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS) in a cohort of surgically-resected OTSCC patients. One hundred and six patients surgically resected for OTSCC were retrospectively identified from clinical records. DFS was calculated according to the Kaplan–Meier method and differences between variables were assessed with Log-Rank test. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to analyse the impact of different prognostic factors on DFS. After a median of follow-up of 8.9 years, 22 events, including 11 deaths, were observed. Overall, the 5-year DFS-rate was 87.4%. The presence of extra-nodal extension (p = 0.023) and perineural invasion (p = 0.003) were significantly correlated with shorter DFS (in univariate analysis). In multivariable analysis, extra-nodal extension and perineural invasion confirmed their role as independent prognostic factors associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 2.87, 95% CI 1.11-7.42, p = 0.03; HR 3.85, 95% CI 1.49-9.96, p = 0.006, respectively]. p16 and p53 expressions in tumour cells were detected in 12% (n = 9) and 46% (n = 40) of cases, respectively. No differences in DFS were observed between p16+ and p16- (p = 0.125) and between p53+ and p53- tumours (p = 0.213). In conclusion, radical surgery, eventually followed by adjuvant radiotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy, can achieve high cure rates in OTSCC. After long-term follow-up, perineural invasion and extra-nodal extension confirmed their role as prognostic factors associated with reduced DFS in OTSCC patients.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / surgery
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 / metabolism
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymph Nodes / surgery
  • Male
  • Margins of Excision
  • Neck Dissection / methods
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Regression Analysis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Analysis
  • Tongue / surgery*
  • Tongue Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Tongue Neoplasms / therapy*
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / metabolism

Substances

  • CDKN2A protein, human
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53