Hemorrhagic stroke and renovascular hypertension with Grange syndrome arising from a novel pathogenic variant in YY1AP1

J Hum Genet. 2019 Sep;64(9):885-890. doi: 10.1038/s10038-019-0626-0. Epub 2019 Jul 4.

Abstract

Pediatric hypertension can cause hypertensive emergencies, including hemorrhagic stroke, contributing to rare but serious childhood morbidity and mortality. Renovascular hypertension (RVH) is one of the major causes of secondary hypertension in children. Grange syndrome (MIM#602531) is a rare disease characterized by multiple stenosis or occlusion of the renal, abdominal, coronary, and cerebral arteries, which can cause phenotypes of RVH and fibromuscular dysplasia (MIM#135580). We report the case of a 7-year-old girl with Grange syndrome who showed RVH and multiple seizure episodes. At 1 year of age, she experienced seizures and sequential hemiparesis caused by a left thalamic hemorrhage without cerebral vascular anomalies. Chronic hypertension was observed, and abdominal computed tomography angiography showed characteristic bilateral renal artery stenosis. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous pathogenic variant in the YY1AP1 gene (NM_001198903.1: c.1169del: p.Lys390Argfs*12). Biallelic YY1AP1 mutations are known to cause Grange syndrome. Unlike previously reported patients, our patient presented with intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke without anomalous brain artery or bone fragility. The phenotype in our patient may help better understand this ultra-rare syndrome. Grange syndrome should be considered in patients presenting with childhood-onset hypertension and/or hemorrhagic stroke for early clinical intervention.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence*
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases / genetics*
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases / pathology
  • Arterial Occlusive Diseases / physiopathology
  • Bone and Bones / abnormalities*
  • Bone and Bones / pathology
  • Bone and Bones / physiopathology
  • Brachydactyly / genetics*
  • Brachydactyly / pathology
  • Brachydactyly / physiopathology
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics*
  • Child
  • Female
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / genetics*
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / pathology
  • Heart Defects, Congenital / physiopathology
  • Homozygote
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / genetics*
  • Hypertension / pathology
  • Hypertension / physiopathology
  • Hypertension, Renovascular / genetics*
  • Hypertension, Renovascular / pathology
  • Hypertension, Renovascular / physiopathology
  • Intracranial Hemorrhages / genetics*
  • Intracranial Hemorrhages / pathology
  • Intracranial Hemorrhages / physiopathology
  • Sequence Deletion*
  • Stroke / genetics*
  • Stroke / pathology
  • Stroke / physiopathology
  • Syndactyly / genetics*
  • Syndactyly / pathology
  • Syndactyly / physiopathology
  • Transcription Factors / genetics*

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Transcription Factors
  • YY1AP1 protein, human

Supplementary concepts

  • Arterial Occlusive Disease, Progressive, with Hypertension, Heart Defects, Bone Fragility, and Brachysyndactyly