Objectives: This study aims to investigate the potential use and histological effects of the local administration of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the repair of full-thickness osteochondral defects in articular cartilage in an animal model.
Materials and methods: Twenty-four adolescent 18-week-old New Zealand White rabbits with an average weight of 2500 g (range, 1600 g to 3200 g) were used in the study. The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (n=8) as the control group (group A) and two experimental groups (groups B and C). Defects of cylindrical full-thickness (3.5 mm wide, 4 mm deep) were created in the weight-bearing area of the right knee medial femoral condyles. In group A, the defect was left empty. In group B, the defect was filled with a collagen sponge. In group C, the defect was filled with a collagen sponge impregnated with PDGF. All rabbits were followed-up for 12 weeks. Right knee medial femoral condyles were used for macroscopic and histological analyses.
Results: At macroscopic level, the repair tissue was similar to normal adjacent cartilage at 12 weeks in group C. The surface of the repair tissue in group C was smoother and more regular compared to groups A and B. The total histological score of defects in group C was statistically significantly superior compared to groups A and B (p<0.05). Matrix staining and immunostaining of collagen type 2 were stronger in group C compared to the other groups, indicating the presence of a tissue similar to a normal cartilage.
Conclusion: Platelet-derived growth factor can induce repair in full-thickness defects of articular cartilage in an animal model. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential use of PDGF for full-thickness osteochondral defects.