Using α-manganese dioxide (α-MnO2) nanowires as the air electrode, a K-O2 nanobattery is assembled in an aberration corrected environmental transmission electron microscope. It is found that the α-MnO2 nanowires are reduced into Mn3O4 and MnO during discharge; meanwhile, KO2 is formed on the surface of the α-MnO2 nanowires.