[Opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency: Case report and synthesis of the literature]

Introduction: Opioid therapy for pain relief is associated with several adverse effects. Herein, we report the potential consequences of opioid use on the adrenal function.

Observation: A 49-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia (Hemoglobin SS) was admitted for the treatment of a vaso-occlusive crisis. Morphine was used for pain management, provided by intravenous intermittent dosing (patient-controlled analgesia). She developed during the hospitalization low blood pressure, due to secondary adrenal insufficiency (cortisol 74 nmol/L; ACTH 2.9pmol/L). Pituitary gland was normal on brain magnetic resonance imaging and adrenal function recovered after morphine discontinuation.

Conclusion: Opioids suppress cortisol secretion, primarily mediated by direct negative effect on hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Further studies are needed to define the incidence and the clinical significance of opioid-induced adrenal insufficiency, as well as the need for hormone replacement.