Phenylthiazoles with nitrogenous side chain: An approach to overcome molecular obesity

Eur J Med Chem. 2019 Nov 15:182:111593. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111593. Epub 2019 Aug 10.

Abstract

A novel series of phenylthiazoles bearing cyclic amines at the phenyl-4 position was prepared with the objective of decreasing lipophilicity and improving the overall physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profile of the compounds. Briefly, the piperidine ring (compounds 10 and 12) provided the best ring size in terms of antibacterial activity when tested against 16 multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Both compounds were superior to vancomycin in the ability to eliminate methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), residing within infected macrophages and to disrupt mature MRSA biofilm. Additionally, compounds 10 and 12 exhibited a fast-bactericidal mode of action in vitro. Furthermore, the new derivatives were 160-times more soluble in water than the previous lead compound 1b. Consequently, compound 10 was orally bioavailable with a highly-acceptable pharmacokinetic profile in vivo that exhibited a half-life of 4 h and achieved a maximum plasma concentration that exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against all tested bacterial isolates.

MeSH terms

  • Amines / chemistry
  • Amines / pharmacology*
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Macrophages / drug effects
  • Macrophages / microbiology
  • Male
  • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus / drug effects*
  • Mice
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Molecular Structure
  • Obesity / drug therapy*
  • Obesity / microbiology
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Staphylococcal Infections / drug therapy
  • Staphylococcal Infections / metabolism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Thiazoles / chemical synthesis
  • Thiazoles / chemistry
  • Thiazoles / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Amines
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Thiazoles