Inner ear organoids: new tools to understand neurosensory cell development, degeneration and regeneration

Development. 2019 Sep 2;146(17):dev177188. doi: 10.1242/dev.177188.

Abstract

The development of therapeutic interventions for hearing loss requires fundamental knowledge about the signaling pathways controlling tissue development as well as the establishment of human cell-based assays to validate therapeutic strategies ex vivo Recent advances in the field of stem cell biology and organoid culture systems allow the expansion and differentiation of tissue-specific progenitors and pluripotent stem cells in vitro into functional hair cells and otic-like neurons. We discuss how inner ear organoids have been developed and how they offer for the first time the opportunity to validate drug-based therapies, gene-targeting approaches and cell replacement strategies.

Keywords: Hair cells; Inner ear; Organoids; Regeneration; Stem cells.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Cell Differentiation / physiology*
  • Drug Evaluation, Preclinical / methods
  • Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner / metabolism*
  • Hearing Loss / drug therapy
  • Hearing Loss / genetics
  • Hearing Loss / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Mammals / embryology
  • Mammals / growth & development
  • Mice
  • Neural Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Organoids / cytology*
  • Pluripotent Stem Cells / metabolism
  • Regeneration