[Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges in Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: A Case Report]

Acta Med Port. 2019 Oct 1;32(10):673-675. doi: 10.20344/amp.10021.
[Article in Portuguese]

Abstract

The atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome comprises a thrombotic microangiopathy resulting from the complement alternate pathway hyperactivation. Its severity requires early diagnosis and treatment. The differential diagnosis includes typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (associated with Shiga toxin) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (associated with deficient activity of ADAMTS13). The only specific treatment currently available for atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome is eculizumab. We describe the case of a child with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome diagnosed in the context of bloody diarrhea, complicated by neurological involvement that posed several diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

A síndrome hemolítica urémica atípica constitui uma microangiopatia trombótica resultante da hiperativação da via alterna do complemento. A sua gravidade exige diagnóstico e terapêutica precoces. O diagnóstico diferencial inclui a síndrome hemolítica urémica típica (associada à toxina Shiga) e a púrpura trombótica trombocitopénica (associada a deficiência na atividade da ADAMTS13). A terapêutica específica da síndrome hemolítica urémica atípica, atualmente disponível, é o eculizumab. Descrevemos um caso clínico de uma criança com síndrome hemolítica urémica atípica diagnosticada em contexto de diarreia sanguinolenta, complicada de envolvimento neurológico e que colocou vários desafios no diagnóstico e decisões terapêuticas.

Keywords: Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome; Eculizumab.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use*
  • Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome / diagnosis*
  • Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome / drug therapy*
  • Child
  • Complement Inactivating Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Female
  • Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Humans
  • Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic / diagnosis
  • Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic / etiology

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Complement Inactivating Agents
  • eculizumab