Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate adherence to recommended adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) in radical prostatectomy (RP) patients with adverse pathologic features and to analyse the outcome of patients who followed or denied this recommendation.
Patients and methods: We included 1140 consecutive RP patients (2006-2015) with non-organ confined (pT3) prostate cancer and either positive surgical margins (R1) and/or lymph node involvement (pN1) and non-detectable postoperative prostate-specific antigen who received multidisciplinary aRT recommendations. Patients were stratified into adherence versus non-adherence to recommendations. Additionally, subgroups within pathologic criteria (pT3R1N0, pT3R0N1, pT3R1N1) were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier, as well as multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, metastasis-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival.
Results: Overall, 508 (44.6%) patients were non-adherent. Of those, 273 (53.6%) did not receive any RT, and 235 (46.4%) received salvage RT. At 8 years, BCR-free survival was 57.7 versus 20.1%, metastasis-free survival was 76.5 versus 75.4%, cancer-specific survival was 91.7 versus 87.4%, and overall survival was 80.4 versus 75.8% in adherent versus non-adherent patients, respectively (P < .001). In multivariable Cox regression predicting BCR, metastatic progression, cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality, non-adherence to aRT recommendation represented an independent predictor (hazard ratio [HR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1-4.5; HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2-2.2; HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.5-5.3; and HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.2-2.8, respectively).
Conclusions: Only about 55% of patients followed our multidisciplinary recommendations. Adherent patients were significantly less likely to experience BCR, metastatic progression, cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality. Thus, patients with high risk of recurrence may be advised about the possibility of improved oncologic outcomes in case of adherence to aRT recommendations.
Keywords: Adjuvant radiation; Multidisciplinary assessment; Oncological outcomes; Prostate cancer; Radiation recommendation.
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