Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Euphorbia wallichii Extract and Assessment of their Bio-functionalities

Med Chem. 2020;16(4):495-506. doi: 10.2174/1573406415666191111143213.

Abstract

Background: Silver nanoparticles synthesized by the bio-green method have been applied to various biomedical applications. These procedures are simple, eco-friendly and serve as an alternative to complex chemical methods for the preparation of nanomaterials.

Objective: In the present study, phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, to examine their antioxidant potential, toxic effects towards bacterial-, fungal-strains, brine shrimp nauplii and cancer cells was focused.

Methods: Methanolic extract of Euphorbia wallichii roots was used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesis was monitored and confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrometric analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD).

Results: The synthesized particles were average 63±8 nm in size. Involvement of phenolic (46.7±2.4 µg GAE/mg) and flavonoid (11.7±1.2 µg QE/mg) compounds as capping agents was also measured. Nanoparticles showed antioxidant properties in terms of free radical scavenging potential (59.63±1.0 %), reducing power (44.52±1.34 µg AAE/mg) and total antioxidant capacity (60.48±2.2 µg AAE/mg). The nanoparticles showed potent cytotoxic effects against brine shrimp nauplii (LD50 66.83 µg/ml), proliferation and cell death of HeLa cells as determined by MTT (LD50 0.3923 µg/ml) and TUNEL assays, respectively. Antimicrobial results revealed that silver nanoparticles were found to be more potent against pathogenic fungal (maximum active against A. fumigatus, MIC 15 µg/disc) and bacterial strains (maximum active against S. aureus, MIC 3.33 μg/disc) than the E. wallichii extract alone.

Conclusion: These results support the advantages of using an eco-friendly and cost-effective method for synthesis of nanoparticles with antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial potential.

Keywords: Antimicrobial; Euphorbia wallichii; HeLa cells; antioxidant; cytotoxicity; silver nanoparticles..

MeSH terms

  • Anti-Infective Agents / chemistry
  • Anti-Infective Agents / metabolism
  • Anti-Infective Agents / pharmacology
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / metabolism
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
  • Antioxidants / chemistry
  • Antioxidants / metabolism
  • Antioxidants / pharmacology
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Euphorbia / chemistry*
  • Flavonoids / analysis
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Metal Nanoparticles / chemistry*
  • Phenols / analysis
  • Plant Extracts / metabolism*
  • Silver / chemistry
  • Silver / metabolism*
  • Silver / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Anti-Infective Agents
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Flavonoids
  • Phenols
  • Plant Extracts
  • Silver