Electron spectroscopic study of nanoplasma formation triggered by intense soft x-ray pulses

Akinobu Niozu; Naomichi Yokono; Toshiyuki Nishiyama; Hironobu Fukuzawa; Tomohiro Sakurazawa; Kazuhiro Matsuda; Tsukasa Takanashi; Daehyun You; Yiwen Li; Taishi Ono; Thomas Gaumnitz; Markus Schöffler; Sven Grundmann; Shin-Ichi Wada; Paolo Carpeggiani; Wei Qing Xu; Xiao Jing Liu; Shigeki Owada; Kensuke Tono; Tadashi Togashi; Makina Yabashi; Nikolai V Kryzhevoi; Kirill Gokhberg; Alexander I Kuleff; Lorenz S Cederbaum; Kiyoshi Ueda; Kiyonobu Nagaya

doi:10.1063/1.5115053

Electron spectroscopic study of nanoplasma formation triggered by intense soft x-ray pulses

J Chem Phys. 2019 Nov 14;151(18):184305. doi: 10.1063/1.5115053.

Authors

Akinobu Niozu¹, Naomichi Yokono¹, Toshiyuki Nishiyama¹, Hironobu Fukuzawa², Tomohiro Sakurazawa¹, Kazuhiro Matsuda¹, Tsukasa Takanashi³, Daehyun You³, Yiwen Li³, Taishi Ono³, Thomas Gaumnitz⁴, Markus Schöffler⁵, Sven Grundmann⁵, Shin-Ichi Wada⁶, Paolo Carpeggiani⁷, Wei Qing Xu⁸, Xiao Jing Liu⁸, Shigeki Owada², Kensuke Tono², Tadashi Togashi², Makina Yabashi², Nikolai V Kryzhevoi⁹, Kirill Gokhberg⁹, Alexander I Kuleff⁹, Lorenz S Cederbaum⁹, Kiyoshi Ueda², Kiyonobu Nagaya¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
² RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan.
³ Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
⁴ Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
⁵ Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
⁶ Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
⁷ Technische Universität Wien, Institut für Photonik, Gußhausstraße 27-29, A-1040 Wien, Austria.
⁸ School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China.
⁹ Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.

PMID: 31731862
DOI: 10.1063/1.5115053

Abstract

Using electron spectroscopy, we investigated the nanoplasma formation process generated in xenon clusters by intense soft x-ray free electron laser (FEL) pulses. We found clear FEL intensity dependence of electron spectra. Multistep ionization and subsequent ionization frustration features are evident for the low FEL-intensity region, and the thermal electron emission emerges at the high FEL intensity. The present FEL intensity dependence of the electron spectra is well addressed by the frustration parameter introduced by Arbeiter and Fennel [New J. Phys. 13, 053022 (2011)].