Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway: Enzymatic Evidence for a Rotation in the LytB/IspH-Catalyzed Reaction

Chemistry. 2020 Jan 22;26(5):1032-1036. doi: 10.1002/chem.201904676. Epub 2020 Jan 16.

Abstract

IspH/LytB, an oxygen-sensitive [4Fe-4S] enzyme, catalyzes the last step of the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway, a target for the development of new antimicrobial agents. This metalloenzyme converts (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl diphosphate (HMBPP) into the two isoprenoid precursors: isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Here, the synthesis of (S)-[4-2 H1 ]HMBPP and (R)-[4-2 H1 ]HMBPP is reported together with a detailed NMR analysis of the products formed after their respective incubation with E. coli IspH/LytB in the presence of the biological reduction system used by E. coli to reduce the [4Fe-4S] center. (S)-[4-2 H1 ]HMBPP was converted into [4-2 H1 ]DMAPP and (E)-[4-2 H1 ]IPP, whereas (R)-[4-2 H1 ]HMBPP yielded [4-2 H1 ]DMAPP and (Z)-[4-2 H1 ]IPP, hence providing the direct enzymatic evidence that the mechanism catalyzed by IspH/LytB involves a rotation of the CH2 OH group of the substrate to display it away from the [4Fe-4S].

Keywords: IspH/LytB; [4Fe-4S] cluster; enzyme catalysis; metalloenzymes; methylerythritol phosphate pathway.

MeSH terms

  • Biocatalysis
  • Escherichia coli / enzymology*
  • Escherichia coli Proteins / metabolism*
  • Organophosphates / chemistry
  • Organophosphates / metabolism
  • Oxidation-Reduction
  • Oxidoreductases / metabolism*
  • Phosphates / chemistry
  • Phosphates / metabolism*
  • Substrate Specificity
  • Terpenes / chemistry
  • Terpenes / metabolism

Substances

  • 4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butenyl diphosphate
  • Escherichia coli Proteins
  • Organophosphates
  • Phosphates
  • Terpenes
  • Oxidoreductases
  • ispH protein, E coli