Can We Develop a Risk Map for Suicide Rates? An Ecological Study in Portugal

Place of residence can influence suicide acts, beyond individual characteristics. The aim of this study was to identify areas with a greater risk of suicide, identify possible associations with ecological risk factors and develop a risk map of suicide in Portugal. Spatial scan statistic was used to identify critical areas and associations were analyzed through logistic regression models. The results indicate that the spatial distribution of suicides could be determined by a set of ecological risk factors, and that being a foreigner (OR 26.64; 95% CI 13.15-53.97), having no religion (OR 8.65; 95% CI 4.62-16.19) and having lower levels of education (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.09-3.64) are associated with a higher risk of suicide in Portugal. Results indicate that local risk factors should be taken into account, in accordance to the priority Health Program in the Mental Health area of the Directorate-General for Health of Portugal.