Changes in cases of nontraumatic chest pain treated in a chest pain unit over the 10-year period of 2008-2017

Emergencias. 2019;31(6):377-384.
[Article in Spanish, English]

Abstract

Objectives: To analyze changes in the characteristics of consecutively treated patients attended in the chest pain unit of a hospital emergency department over a 10-year period.

Material and methods: All patients presenting with nontraumatic chest pain (NTCP) were included. We analyzed changes over time in epidemiologic characteristics, initial diagnostic classification (on clinical and electrocardiographic evaluation), final diagnosis (on discharge), and time until these diagnoses.

Results: A total of 34 552 consecutive patients with a mean (SD) age of 59 (13) years were included; 42% were women. The annual number of visits rose over time. Visits were fewer in summer and more numerous on workdays and between the hours of 8 AM and 4 PM (P<.001, both comparisons). The number of women increased over time (up 0.29% annually, P<.05) as did the number of patients under the age of 50 years (up 0.92% annually, P<.001). With time, patients had fewer cardiovascular risk factors and less often had a history of ischemic heart disease. Fewer cases of NTCP had signs suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS was ruled out at the time of initial and final diagnoses in 52.2% and 80.4%, respectively, and these percentages which rose over the 10-year period by 1.86% (P<.001) and 0.56% (P=.04). Time to initial diagnosis did not change. However, time to final diagnosis did increase (P<.001), and the delay was longer in patients diagnosed with ACS (P<.001).

Conclusion: The chest pain unit was more active at the end of the period, in keeping with the increase in patients with NTCP whose characteristics were not typical of coronary disease. The percentages of patients initially and finally diagnosed with ACS decreased with time.

Objetivo: Analizar la evolución de las características epidemiológicas de las visitas atendidas de forma consecutiva en una unidad de dolor torácico (UDT) de un servicio de urgencias hospitalario (SUH) durante un periodo de 10 años.

Metodo: Se incluyeron todas las visitas por dolor torácico no traumático (DTNT), analizándose la evolución temporal de las características epidemiológicas, de la clasificación diagnóstica inicial (evaluación clínica inicial y electrocardiograma) y final (al alta de la UDT), y los tiempos necesarios para alcanzar las mismas.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 34.552 pacientes consecutivos con una edad media 59 (DE 13) años, el 42% mujeres. Se observó un incrementó en el número anual de visitas a la UDT (p < 0,001), menor afluencia los meses de verano (p < 0,001), y mayor los días laborables (p < 0,001) y de 8-16 horas (p < 0,001). Se comprobó que progresivamente más pacientes eran mujeres (+0,29% anual, p < 0,05), menores de 50 años (+0,92%, p < 0,001), con más factores de riesgo cardiovascular, menos antecedentes de cardiopatía isquémica y con DTNT menos sugestivo de síndrome coronario agudo (SCA). La clasificación diagnóstica inicial y final descartó SCA en un 52,2% y un 80,4% de pacientes, respectivamente, hecho que aumentó progresivamente durante el periodo evaluado (+1,86%, p < 0,001; y +0,56%, p = 0,04; respectivamente). El tiempo de clasificación inicial no se modificó, pero se incrementó el necesario para la clasificación final (p < 0,001), que resultó superior en pacientes con diagnóstico final de SCA (p < 0,001).

Conclusiones: Se observa un mayor uso de la UDT tras su creación, causado por un incremento de pacientes con DTNT de características no típicamente coronarias, disminuyendo el porcentaje de clasificados inicial y finalmente como debidos a SCA.

Keywords: Dolor torácico; Urgencias; Acute coronary syndrome; Chest pain; Chest pain unit; Emergency department; Síndrome coronario agudo; Unidad de dolor torácico.

MeSH terms

  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / epidemiology*
  • Age Distribution
  • Chest Pain / diagnosis
  • Chest Pain / epidemiology*
  • Chest Pain / etiology
  • Coronary Care Units / organization & administration
  • Coronary Care Units / statistics & numerical data*
  • Electrocardiography
  • Emergency Service, Hospital / statistics & numerical data*
  • Emergency Service, Hospital / trends
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Myocardial Ischemia / diagnosis
  • Myocardial Ischemia / epidemiology
  • Pain Measurement / classification
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Seasons
  • Sex Distribution
  • Spain / epidemiology
  • Time Factors