Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of patients misdiagnosed with IgG4-related disease, to analyze the reasons of misdiagnosis and to improve the clinical recognition of the disease.
Methods: The general data, clinical manifestations, laboratory examination results and pathological features of 17 patients with IgG4-related diseases misdiagnosed outside the hospital were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: Among the 17 patients, there were 9 males and 8 females with a median age of 45 years, and the median time from onset to diagnosis was 12 months. Most patients' initial admission department was not rheumatology or immunology department. Six of the 17 patients were eventually diagnosed with lymphoproliferative disease, 4 with autoimmune disease, and 2 with infectious disease, Rosai Doffman disease, desmofibromatosis, highly differentiated mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bottom of the mouth, hypereosinophilic syndrome, asthma and allergic rhinitis in 1 case each. The typical sites of IgG4-related disease were involved in 14 patients, including 6 cases of parotid gland, 2 cases of submandibular gland, 3 cases of pancreas and 2 cases of retroperitoneal lesions. Serum IgG4 was elevated in 10 patients, serum IgG4/IgG value was higher than 10% in 7 patients, serum IgE was increased in 7 patients, complement was decreased in 4 patients, and eosinophilic granulocytes were increased in 3 patients. Pathological biopsy was performed in 15 patients, and infiltration of lymphocyte was observed in 10 patients, IgG4+ plasma cells were present in 5 patients, the ratio of IgG4+ plasma cells to IgG+ plasma cells was less than 40% in 4 patients and greater than 40% in 1 patient. However, none of the 15 patients had the storiform pattern of fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis.
Conclusion: A variety of diseases can perform as IgG4-related disease witih typical sites involved, elevated serum IgG4, even can be characterized by pathological IgG4+ plasma cells infiltration. Physicians should pay attention to the differential diagnosis and comprehensively evaluate the patient's clinical manifestations, and laboratory results. Timely and even repeated pathological biopsy is also needed for definite diagnosis.
目的: 总结误诊为IgG4相关疾病患者的临床特征,寻找误诊原因,提高对该病的认识。
方法: 回顾性分析北京大学人民医院收治的17例在院外误诊为IgG4相关疾病患者的一般资料、临床表现、实验室检查结果和病理特征。
结果: 17例患者中男性9例,女性8例,中位年龄45岁,自发病到确诊的中位时间为12个月,大多数患者的首诊科室不是风湿免疫科。6例最终诊断为淋巴增殖性疾病,4例为自身免疫性疾病,2例为感染性疾病,Rosai Doffman病、硬纤维瘤病、口底高分化黏液表皮样癌、嗜酸粒细胞增多综合征、过敏性鼻炎合并哮喘各1例。有14例患者出现IgG4相关疾病的典型部位受累,主要包括6例腮腺、2例颌下腺、3例胰腺、2例腹膜后病变。10例患者血清IgG4升高,7例血清IgG4/IgG的值大于10%,7例IgE升高,4例补体降低,3例嗜酸性粒细胞比例升高。在15例患者的病理检查结果中,10例患者可见淋巴浆细胞浸润,5例存在IgG4+浆细胞,4例IgG4+浆细胞与IgG+浆细胞的比值小于40%,1例大于40%,但均未见到典型的席纹状纤维化和闭塞性静脉炎。
结论: 多种疾病均可出现类似IgG4相关疾病的典型部位受累、血清IgG4升高,甚至组织病理也可表现为IgG4+浆细胞浸润,临床医生要注意鉴别,综合评估患者的临床表现、实验室检查结果,及时进行组织病理检查,甚至重复多次病理检查以明确诊断。