Objective To investigate the autophagy and the expression of CD40 and CD80 of dendritic cells (DCs) induced by hypoxia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods DCs were divided into normal group, hypoxia group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment group and hypoxia combined with LPS treatment group. Each group was treated for 24 hours, and the cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. The protein levels of autophagy microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3I (LC3I), LC3II and beclin1 were detected by Western blot analysis. The formation of autophagosomes in DCs was observed under a transmission electron microscope after LPS treatment. The expression of CD40 and CD80 on DCs was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence cytochemical staining. Results Hypoxia and LPS could induce autophagy in mouse DCs and increase the expression of CD40 and CD80 on their surface. After hypoxia combined with LPS treatment, autophagy in DCs was significantly enhanced; more autophagosomes were formed; and the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD40 and CD80 were raised. Conclusion Hypoxia and LPS can induce autophagy and increase the expression of CD40 and CD80 in mouse DCs.