Membrane creates the functions of protection, supporting, dispersion and separation. More functions can be designed by modifying membrane surface and grafting/loading selective ligands or catalysts on the membrane, thus membrane technology has been widely applied in biological detection, and its application approaches becomes diverse. Rational design of functional membranes can meet the demands in different steps of biological detection process, including sample pretreatment, preparation, response and sensing. This review summarized the functionalization methods of filtration membranes, applications of membrane technology in sample preparation and detection process, as well as the research on the integration of functional membranes. By revisiting the research progress on functional membrane design, preparation and applications for biological detection, it is expected to take better advantage of membrane materials structure and performance for constructing efficient and stable detection platform, which is more "adapted" to the detection environment.
膜具有保护、支撑、分散和分离的功能，通过表面修饰和接枝/负载选择性配基或催化剂等可赋予膜更多的功能，因此膜技术在生物检测中的应用越来越广泛，其发挥作用的方式和途径也极其多样化。对功能膜的理性设计可以满足生物检测过程中不同环节的需求，包括生物样品的前处理、制备、响应和传感等。文中简述了分离膜的功能化方法，并对目前膜技术在样品制备和检测过程中的应用以及多功能膜集成的研究进行综述。通过梳理面向生物检测的功能膜设计、制备和应用研究进展，以期更好地发挥膜材料结构和功能的优势，构建更加“适应”检测环境的高效、稳定检测平台。.
Keywords: biodetection; enzyme immobilization; functionalization; membrane technology; multifunctional membrane.