Estimating effectiveness of case-area targeted response interventions against cholera in Haiti

Elife. 2019 Dec 30:8:e50243. doi: 10.7554/eLife.50243.

Abstract

Case-area targeted interventions (CATIs) against cholera are conducted by rapid response teams, and may include various activities like water, sanitation, hygiene measures. However, their real-world effectiveness has never been established. We conducted a retrospective observational study in 2015-2017 in the Centre department of Haiti. Using cholera cases, stool cultures and CATI records, we identified 238 outbreaks that were responded to. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that a prompt response could reduce the number of accumulated cases by 76% (95% confidence interval, 59 to 86) and the outbreak duration by 61% (41 to 75) when compared to a delayed response. An intense response could reduce the number of accumulated cases by 59% (11 to 81) and the outbreak duration by 73% (49 to 86) when compared to a weaker response. These results suggest that prompt and repeated CATIs were significantly effective at mitigating and shortening cholera outbreaks in Haiti.

Keywords: Haiti; case-area targeted intervention; cholera; disease outbreaks/prevention & control; epidemiology; global health; impact assessment; rapid response team.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cholera / epidemiology*
  • Cholera / microbiology
  • Cholera / prevention & control
  • Disease Outbreaks
  • Haiti / epidemiology
  • Humans
  • Hygiene
  • Sanitation
  • Water / analysis
  • Water Microbiology*

Substances

  • Water

Grants and funding

The funders of this study (UNICEF, APHM, APHP) had staff (co-authors of this manuscript) who had a role in data collection, analyses and writing of the report. However, the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.