Regional indices of socio-economic and health inequalities: a tool for public health programming

J Prev Med Hyg. 2019 Dec 20;60(4):E300-E310. doi: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.4.1257. eCollection 2019 Dec.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim was to provide an affordable method of computing socio-economic (SE) deprivation indices at the regional level, in order to reveal the specific aspects of the relationship between SE inequalities and health outcomes. The Umbria Region Socio-Health Index (USHI) was computed and compared with the Italian National Deprivation Index at the Umbria regional level (NDI-U).

Methods: The USHI was computed by applying factor analysis to census tract SE variables correlated with general mortality and validated through comparison with the NDI-U.

Results: Overall mortality presented linear positive trends in USHI, while trends in NDI-U proved non-linear or non-significant. Similar results were obtained with regard to specific causes of death according to deprivation groups, gender and age.

Conclusions: The USHI better describes a local population in terms of health-related SE status. Policy-makers could therefore adopt this method in order to obtain a better picture of SE-associated health conditions in regional populations and to target strategies for reducing health inequalities.

Keywords: Health care resources; Inequalities in health; Public health; Socio-economic indices; Socio-economic status.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cause of Death
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Health Resources
  • Health Status Disparities*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Italy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mortality*
  • Public Health*
  • Residence Characteristics*
  • Social Class*
  • Socioeconomic Factors*
  • Young Adult