Common Prescription Medications Used in Athletes

Prim Care. 2020 Mar;47(1):49-64. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2019.10.003. Epub 2019 Oct 16.

Abstract

Athletes of various skill levels commonly use many different types of medications, often at rates higher than the general population. Common medication classes used in athletes include analgesics such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen, inhalers for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, antihypertensives, antibiotics, and insulin. Prescribers must be aware of the unique considerations for each of these medications when using them in patients participating in physical activity. The safety, efficacy, impact on athletic performance, and regulatory restrictions of the most common medications used in athletes are discussed in this article.

Keywords: Analgesics; Antibiotics; Antihypertensives; Athletes; Insulin; Medication use; Sports medicine; Therapeutic use exemptions.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
  • Adrenergic beta-Agonists / therapeutic use
  • Analgesics / therapeutic use*
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / adverse effects
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / therapeutic use
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Asthma / drug therapy
  • Athletes*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / drug therapy*
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / drug therapy
  • Insulin / administration & dosage
  • Prescription Drugs / therapeutic use*
  • Sports Medicine*

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Adrenergic beta-Agonists
  • Analgesics
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Insulin
  • Prescription Drugs